Nokia
Finnish generation and telecommunications enterprise
This article is set the Finnish telecommunications corporation. For the metropolis in Finland, see Nokia, Finland. For different uses, see Nokia.
Nokia Corporation (natively Nokia Oyj, called Nokia; stylized as NOKIA) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, statistics generation, and customer electronics enterprise, based in 1865. Nokia's principal headquarters are in Espoo, Finland, withinside the extra Helsinki metropolitan area, however the enterprise's real roots are withinside the Tampere vicinity of Pirkanmaa. In 2020, Nokia hired about 92,000 humans throughout over a hundred international locations, did commercial enterprise in extra than one hundred thirty international locations, and pronounced annual sales of round €23 billion. Nokia is a public restricted enterprise indexed at the Helsinki Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange. It is the world's 415th-biggest enterprise measured with the aid of using 2016 sales in step with the Fortune Global 500, having peaked at eighty fifth vicinity in 2009. It is part of the Euro Stoxx 50 inventory marketplace index.
The enterprise has operated in diverse industries during the last one hundred fifty years. It changed into based as a pulp mill and had lengthy been related to rubber and cables, however for the reason that Nineteen Nineties has centered on big-scale telecommunications infrastructure, generation improvement, and licensing. Nokia made big contributions to the cellular telephony industry, helping withinside the improvement of the GSM, 3G, and LTE requirements. For a decade starting in 1998, Nokia changed into the most important global supplier of cellular telephones and smartphones. In the later 2000s, however, Nokia suffered from a chain of terrible control decisions, and shortly noticed its proportion of the cellular telecellsmartphone marketplace drop sharply. After a partnership with Microsoft and Nokia's next marketplace struggles, Microsoft offered its cellular telecellsmartphone commercial enterprise, developing Microsoft Mobile as its successor in 2014. After the sale, Nokia commenced to recognition extra on its telecommunications infrastructure commercial enterprise and on Internet of factors technology, marked with the aid of using the divestiture of its Here mapping department and the purchase of Alcatel-Lucent, which include its Bell Labs studies organization. The enterprise then additionally experimented with digital fact and virtual fitness, the latter via the acquisition of Withings. The Nokia logo again to the cellular and telecellsmartphone marketplace in 2016 via a licensing association with HMD Global. Nokia is still a primary patent licensor for maximum big cellular telecellsmartphone vendors. As of 2018, Nokia is the world's third-biggest community gadget producer.
The enterprise changed into regarded with countrywide delight with the aid of using Finns, as its cellular telecellsmartphone commercial enterprise made it with the aid of using a long way the most important global enterprise and logo from Finland. At its height in 2000, at some point of the telecoms bubble, Nokia accounted for four% of the united states of america's GDP, 21% of general exports, and 70% of the Helsinki Stock Exchange marketplace capital.
History of Nokia
1865–1967
Rolls of lavatory paper produced with the aid of using Nokia withinside the 1960s, Vapriikki Museum Centre, Tampere
Nokia's records dates from 1865, whilst Finnish-Swede mining engineer Fredrik Idestam installed a pulp mill at the seashorelines of the Tammerkoski rapids close to the metropolis of Tampere, Finland (then withinside the Russian Empire). A 2nd pulp mill changed into opened in 1868 close to the neighboring metropolis of Nokia, wherein there have been higher hydropower resources. In 1871, Idestam, collectively with a pal Leo Mechelin, fashioned a shared enterprise and known as it Nokia Ab (in Swedish, Nokia Company being the English equivalent), after the web website online of the second one pulp mill.
Idestam retired in 1896, making Mechelin the enterprise's chairman; he increased into strength technology with the aid of using 1902, which Idestam had adverse. In 1904 Suomen Gummitehdas (Finnish Rubber Works), a rubber commercial enterprise based with the aid of using Eduard Polón, installed a manufacturing unit close to the metropolis of Nokia and used its call.
In 1922, in a now impartial Finland, Nokia Ab entered right into a partnership with Finnish Rubber Works and Kaapelitehdas (the Cable Factory), all now mutually beneathneath the management of Polón. The rubber enterprise grew unexpectedly whilst it moved to the Nokia vicinity withinside the Thirties to take gain of the strength deliver, and the cable enterprise quickly did too.
Nokia on the time additionally made respirators for each civilian and army use, from the Thirties properly into the early Nineteen Nineties.
1967–1990
LV 317M army radio withinside the Hämeenlinna artillery museum
Nokian rubber boots
In 1967, the 3 corporations – Nokia, Kaapelitehdas, and Finnish Rubber Works – merged to create a brand new Nokia Corporation, restructured into 4 principal businesses: forestry, cable, rubber, and electronics. In the early 1970s, it entered the networking and radio industries. Nokia began out making army gadget for Finland's defence forces (Puolustusvoimat), together with the Sanomalaite M/ninety communicator in 1983, and the M61 fueloline masks first evolved withinside the 1960s. Nokia changed into now additionally making expert cellular radios, telecellsmartphone switches, capacitors and chemicals.
After Finland's alternate settlement with the Soviet Union withinside the 1960s, Nokia increased into the Soviet marketplace. It quickly widened alternate, starting from computerized telecellsmartphone exchanges to robotics amongst others; with the aid of using the overdue 1970s, the Soviet Union have become a primary marketplace for Nokia, assisting to yield excessive profits. Nokia additionally co-operated on clinical generation with the Soviet Union. The U.S. authorities have become an increasing number of suspicious of that co-operation after the quit of the Cold War détente withinside the early Eighties. Nokia imported many US-made additives and used them in merchandise for the Soviets, and in step with U.S. Deputy Minister of Defence, Richard Perle, Nokia had a mystery co-operation with The Pentagon that allowed the U.S. to maintain song of generation traits withinside the Soviet Union via buying and selling with Nokia. This changed into an illustration of Finland buying and selling with each sides, because it changed into impartial at some point of the Cold War.
In 1977, Kari Kairamo have become CEO and converted the enterprise's businesses. By this time, Finland changed into turning into what has been known as "Nordic Japan".[by whom?] Under his management, Nokia obtained many corporations which include tv maker Salora in 1984, observed with the aid of using Swedish electronics and laptop maker Luxor AB in 1985, and French tv maker Oceanic in 1987. This made Nokia the third-biggest tv producer of Europe (at the back of Philips and Thomson). The present manufacturers persevered for use till the quit of the tv commercial enterprise in 1996.
Nokia Mikko three minicomputer, 1978
Mobira Cityman 450, 1985
In 1987, Nokia obtained Schaub-Lorenz, the customer operations of Germany's Standard Elektrik Lorenz (SEL), which covered its "Schaub-Lorenz" and "Graetz" manufacturers. It changed into in the beginning a part of American conglomerate International Telephone & Telegraph (ITT), and after the purchase merchandise have been bought beneathneath the "ITT Nokia" logo, no matter SEL's sale to Compagnie Générale d'Electricité (CGE), the predecessor of Alcatel, in 1986.
On 1 April 1988, Nokia offered the Information Systems department of Ericsson, which had originated because the Datasaab laptop department of Swedish plane and vehicle producer Saab. Ericsson Information Systems made Alfaskop terminals, typewriters, minicomputers and Ericsson-branded IBM well matched PCs. The merger with Nokia's Information Systems department—which for the reason that 1981 had a line of private computer systems known as MikroMikko—resulted withinside the call Nokia Data.
Nokia additionally obtained Mobira, a cellular telephony enterprise, which changed into the muse of its destiny cellular telecellsmartphone commercial enterprise. In 1981, Mobira released the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) provider, the world's first global cell community and the primary to permit global roaming. In 1982, Mobira released the Mobira Senator vehicle telecellsmartphone, Nokia's first cellular telecellsmartphone. At that time, the enterprise had no hobby in generating cellular telephones, which the govt board appeared as similar to James Bond's gadgets: improbably futuristic and area of interest gadgets. After most of these acquisitions, Nokia's sales base have become US$2.7 billion. CEO Kairamo devoted suicide on eleven December 1988.
In 1987, Kaapelitehdas discontinued manufacturing of cables at its Helsinki manufacturing unit after forty four years, successfully shutting down the sub-enterprise.
Mobira 800-NDB non-directional beacon placed withinside the Finnish Air Force indicators museum
Nokia MAC 8532 laser rangefinder formerly utilized by Finnish coastal artillery
Hämeenlinna artillery museum show containing hearthplace manage officer with Nokia artillery calculator in Finnish artillery battalion command post
Late Eighties MikroMikko four TT m216 computing device laptop withinside the Museum of Technology, Helsinki, Finland
ITT Nokia tv with an ITT Nokia VCR (ITT/SEL)
A 1986 Mobira pager
1990–2010
Jorma Ollila, who oversaw the upward push of Nokia withinside the cellular telecellsmartphone marketplace as CEO from 1992 to 2006
Following Simo Vuorilehto's appointment as CEO, a primary restructuring changed into deliberate. With eleven organizations withinside the enterprise, Vuorilehto divested commercial gadgets he deemed as un-strategic. Nokian Tyres (Nokian Renkaat), a tyre manufacturer in the beginning fashioned as a department of Finnish Rubber Works in 1932, cut up farfar from Nokia Corporation in 1988. Two years later, in 1990, Finnish Rubber Works observed suit. In 1991 Nokia bought its laptop department, Nokia Data, to UK-primarily based totally International Computers Limited (ICL), the precursor of Fujitsu Siemens. Investors idea of this as monetary hassle and Nokia's inventory charge sank as a end result. Finland changed into now additionally experiencing its worst recession in residing memory, and the crumble of the Soviet Union, a primary customer, made subjects worse.
Vuorilehto end in January 1992 and changed into changed with the aid of using Jorma Ollila, who were the pinnacle of the cellular telecellsmartphone commercial enterprise from 1990 and recommended towards promoting that department. Ollila determined to show Nokia right into a 'telecom-orientated' enterprise, and he ultimately bumped off divisions just like the strength commercial enterprise. This method proved to be very a hit and the enterprise grew unexpectedly withinside the following years. Nokia's running income went from terrible in 1991 to $1 billion in 1995 and nearly $four billion with the aid of using 1999.
Nokia's first completely transportable cellular telecellsmartphone after the Mobira Senator changed into the Mobira Cityman 900 in 1987. Nokia assisted withinside the improvement of the GSM cellular preferred withinside the Eighties, and evolved the primary GSM community with Siemens, the predecessor to Nokia Siemens Network. The world's first GSM name changed into made with the aid of using Finnish high minister Harri Holkeri on 1 July 1991, the use of Nokia gadget at the 900 MHz band community constructed with the aid of using Nokia and operated with the aid of using Radiolinja. In November 1992, the Nokia 1011 released, making it the primary commercially to be had GSM cellular telecellsmartphone.
Salora Oy as a Nokia subsidiary resulted in 1989 whilst the department changed into merged into Nokia-Mobira Oy. The logo persevered for use for televisions till 1995.
On 12 June 1996, Nokia introduced the sale of its tv commercial enterprise to Canada/Hong Kong-primarily based totally Semi-Tech Corporation. The tv production plant in Germany closed down in September 1996. The sale covered a manufacturing unit in Turku, and the rights to apply the Nokia, Finlux, Luxor, Salora, Schaub-Lorenz and Oceanic manufacturers till the quit of 1999. Some of those manufacturers have been later bought to different corporations.
Nokia changed into the primary to release virtual satellite tv for pc receivers withinside the UK, introduced in March 1997. In August 1997 Nokia brought the primary virtual satellite tv for pc receiver with Common Interface (CI) help. In 1998 Nokia have become the selected dealer to provide the world's first virtual terrestrial tv set-pinnacle containers with the aid of using British Digital Broadcasting (BDB), which changed into ultimately released as ONdigital.
A Nokia Mediamaster set-pinnacle box
In October 1998, Nokia overtook Motorola to end up the great-promoting cellular telecellsmartphone logo, and in December synthetic its a hundred millionth cellular telecellsmartphone. A principal cause why Nokia grew towards its principal competition Motorola and Ericsson changed into that it controlled to cater to the customer young people marketplace and style-orientated purchasers, most importantly with the Nokia 5110 and 3210 handsets which featured a big variety of colorful and replaceable lower back-covers known as Xpress-on. One of the earliest style telephones in 1992, from Swiss watchmaker Swatch, changed into primarily based totally on Nokia's one hundred and one handset. The enterprise might additionally shape the Vertu department, developing luxurious cellular handsets.
Nokia claimed in April 1996 its 447Xav and 447K video display units to be the primary with stereo audio system and a sub-woofer. In May 1999 Nokia brought their first wi-fi LAN merchandise. In January 2000 ViewSonic obtained Nokia Display Products, the department making presentations for private computer systems. On 26 April 2001 Nokia partnered with Telefonica to deliver DSL modems and routers in Spain.
In 1997, Nokia installed a joint task with Brazilian electronics corporation Gradiente wherein they have been granted the license to fabricate versions of Nokia cellular telephones regionally beneathneath the Nokia and Gradiente logo names.
In 1998, Nokia co-based Symbian Ltd. led with the aid of using Psion to create a brand new running device for PDAs and clever cellular telephones as a successor of EPOC32. They launched the Nokia 9210 Communicator strolling Symbian OS in 2001 and later that 12 months created the Symbian Series 60 platform, later introducing it with their first digital digicam telecellsmartphone, the Nokia 7650. Both Nokia and Symbian ultimately have become the most important telecellsmartphone hardware and software program maker respectively, and in February 2004 Nokia have become the most important shareholder of Symbian Ltd. Nokia obtained the whole enterprise in June 2008 after which fashioned the Symbian Foundation as its successor.
In 1998 alone, the enterprise had income sales of $20 billion making $2.6 billion income. By 2000 Nokia hired over 55,000 humans, and had a marketplace proportion of 30% withinside the cellular telecellsmartphone marketplace, nearly two times as big as its nearest competitor, Motorola. The enterprise changed into running in a hundred and forty international locations as of 1999. It changed into pronounced on the time that a few humans believed Nokia to be a Japanese enterprise. Between 1996 and 2001, Nokia's turnover accelerated fivefold, from €6.five billion to €31 billion.
A series of Nokia cellular telephones from the 2000s
The enterprise might then be referred to as a a hit and progressive maker of digital digicam telephones. The Nokia 3600/3650 changed into the primary digital digicam telecellsmartphone on sale in North America in 2003. In April 2005 Nokia partnered with German digital digicam optics maker Carl Zeiss AG. That equal month Nokia brought the Nseries, which might end up its flagship line of smartphones for the following six years. The Nokia N95 brought in September 2006 have become rather a hit and changed into additionally presented as "great cellular imaging tool" in Europe in 2007. Its successor the N82 featured a xenon flash, which helped it win the award of "great cellular imaging" tool in Europe in 2008. The N93 in 2006 changed into recognized for its specialised camcorder and the twistable layout that switches among clamshell and a camcorder-like function. They have been additionally widely known for the N8 with a excessive-decision 12-megapixel sensor in 2010; the 808 PureView in 2012 with a 41-megapixel sensor; and the Lumia 920 flagship in 2012 which carried out superior PureView technology.
Nokia changed into one of the pioneers of cellular gaming because of the recognition of Snake, which got here pre-loaded on many merchandise. In 2002, Nokia tried to interrupt into the hand-held gaming marketplace with the N-Gage. Nokia's head of leisure and media, Ilkka Raiskinen, as soon as quoted "Game Boy is for 10-12 months-olds", pointing out that N-Gage is extra appropriate to a mature audience. However, the tool changed into a failure, not able to assignment the dominant marketplace chief Nintendo. Nokia tried to restore N-Gage as a platform for his or her S60 smartphones, which ultimately released in 2008.
In Q1 2004, Nokia's cellular telecellsmartphone handset marketplace proportion steeply dropped to 28.9%, down from 34.6% a 12 months earlier. However, with the aid of using 2006 the enterprise changed into progressively gaining once more and in Q4 2007 reached its all-time excessive parent of forty.four%. Its telecellsmartphone marketplace proportion in that sector changed into 51%. Nokia changed into the most important supplier on the time in all areas bar North America.
Nokia released cellular TV trials in 2005 in Finland with content material supplied with the aid of using public broadcaster Yle. The offerings are primarily based totally at the DVB-H preferred. It might be regarded with the widescreen Nokia 7710 telecellsmartphone with a unique accent permitting it to get hold of DVB-H indicators. Nokia partnered with Arqiva and O2 to release trials withinside the UK in September 2005.
In 2005 Nokia evolved a Linux-primarily based totally running device known as Maemo, which shipped that 12 months at the Nokia 770 Internet Tablet.
On 1 June 2006, Jorma Ollila have become the enterprise's chairman and retired as CEO, changed with the aid of using Olli-Pekka Kalasvuo.
A flagship Nokia shop in São Paulo, Brazil in 2009
In August 2007, Nokia brought Ovi, an umbrella call for the enterprise's new Internet offerings which covered the N-Gage platform and the Nokia Music Store. The Ovi Store confronted stiff opposition towards Apple's App Store whilst it changed into brought in 2008.
In October 2008 Nokia introduced the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic, the primary tool to deliver with the brand new touch-centric S60 fifth Edition, additionally referred to as Symbian^1, the primary new release of the platform for the reason that advent of the Symbian Foundation. In November 2008 Nokia introduced it might quit cellular telecellsmartphone income in Japan due to low marketplace proportion. Nokia's worldwide cellular telecellsmartphone marketplace proportion peaked in 2008 at 38.6 percentage. The equal 12 months, Nokia introduced the purchase of Trolltech and its Qt software program improvement. Qt changed into a principal a part of Nokia's method till 2011, and it changed into ultimately bought in 2012.
Nokia in short again to the laptop marketplace with the Booklet 3G netbook in August 2009.
2010–2014
A Nokia 9000 Communicator (1996) subsequent to a Nokia E7 Communicator (2011)
In overdue 2009 and in 2010, the tune-centered Xseries and customer-centered Cseries have been brought respectively. In April 2010 Nokia brought its subsequent flagship cellular tool, the Nokia N8, which will be the first to run on Symbian^three. However it changed into behind schedule for lots months which tarnished the enterprise's photo, in particular after the failure of its preceding flagship N97 and harder opposition from Apple and the growing Google. On 10 September 2010, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo changed into fired as CEO and it changed into introduced that Stephen Elop from Microsoft might take Nokia's CEO function, turning into the primary non-Finnish director in Nokia's records. It changed into claimed that traders pressed Nokia's board to recruit an interloper to shake up control and smash from the traditional "Nokia manner". Ollila had additionally introduced that he might step down as Nokia chairman with the aid of using 2012. On eleven March 2011 Nokia introduced that it had paid Elop a $6 million signing bonus as "reimbursement for misplaced earnings from his previous agency", on pinnacle of his $1.four million annual salary.
Nokia and Microsoft Lumia gadgets.
The vintage Symbian OS have become absolutely open supply in February 2010. However, in November 2010 it changed into introduced that the Symbian Foundation changed into remaining and that Nokia might take lower back manage of the Symbian running device beneathneath closed licensing. By now Nokia changed into the simplest final enterprise the use of the platform, at the side of provider NTT DoCoMo in Japan, after each Samsung and Sony Ericsson moved to Android. Meanwhile, in 2010 for Nokia's Linux ambitions, Nokia collaborated with Intel to shape the MeeGo challenge, after the merger of Nokia's personal Maemo and Intel's Moblin.
Nokia's Symbian platform that were the main telecellsmartphone platform in Europe and Asia for decades changed into speedy turning into previous and tough for builders after the appearance of iOS and Android. To counter this, Nokia deliberate to make their MeeGo Linux running device, beneathneath improvement, the enterprise's flagship on smartphones. Shortly after Elop's CEO tenure commenced, the Nokia board green-lit him the capacity to exalternate the enterprise's cellular telephones method, which include converting running systems. Veteran Anssi Vanjoki, head of the smartphones department, left the enterprise round this time. His very last look changed into at Nokia World 2010 whilst the Nokia E7 and different Symbian^three gadgets have been brought.
On eleven February 2011, Nokia introduced a "strategic partnership" with Microsoft, beneathneath which it might undertake Windows Phone 7 as its number one running device on smartphones, and combine its offerings and structures with its personal, which include Bing as seek engine, and integration of Nokia Maps records into Bing Maps. Elop said that Nokia selected now no longer to apply Android due to an obvious lack of ability to "differentiate" its offerings, with critics additionally noting that his beyond ties to Microsoft can also additionally have additionally stimulated the selection. Although the MeeGo "Harmattan"-primarily based totally N9 changed into met with a rather fine reception in 2011, Nokia had already determined to quit improvement on MeeGo and completely recognition on its Microsoft partnership, despite the fact that the CEO stated that the N9's "improvements" will stay on withinside the destiny, which ultimately made their manner at the Asha platform in 2013. After the declaration of the Microsoft partnership, Nokia's marketplace proportion deteriorated; this changed into because of call for for Symbian losing whilst purchasers found out Nokia's recognition and interest might be elsewhere.
The enterprise published a big loss for the second one sector of 2011 – simplest their 2nd quarterly loss in 19 years. Nokia's first Windows Phone flagship changed into the Lumia 800, which arrived in November 2011. Falling income in 2011, which have been now no longer being stepped forward considerably with the Lumia line in 2012, caused consecutive quarters of big losses. By mid-2012 the enterprise's inventory charge fell below $2. CEO Elop introduced fee-slicing measures in June with the aid of using dropping 10,000 personnel with the aid of using the quit of the 12 months and the closure of the Salo production plant. The Finnish high minister additionally introduced that the authorities may not keep the enterprise from an emergency country fund. Around this time Nokia began out a brand new challenge codenamed "Meltemi", a platform for low-quit smartphones. With the Microsoft alliance and beneathneath Elop's control, Nokia additionally had a renewed recognition at the North American marketplace wherein Nokia telephones have been, in stark assessment to the relaxation of the world, nearly inappropriate for decades. This method commenced in January 2012 with the advent of the Nokia Lumia 900 telecellsmartphone in partnership with U.S. provider AT&T.
In March 2011, Nokia brought a brand new company typeface known as "Pure". On 1 August 2011, Nokia introduced that it might undertake a brand new 3-digit naming device for cellular telecellsmartphone merchandise and forestall the use of letters, successfully finishing the Nseries, Eseries, and short-lived Cseries. That equal day the Nokia 500 changed into brought with the brand new device. Nokia final used 3-digit names on analogue telephones withinside the Nineteen Nineties.
When the Lumia 920 changed into introduced in September 2012, it changed into visible with the aid of using the click because the first excessive-quit Windows Phone that might assignment opponents because of its superior characteristic set. Elop stated that the fine response to it had created a feel of wish and optimism withinside the enterprise. The enterprise changed into additionally making profits in growing international locations with its Asha series, which have been promoting strongly. Although Nokia's telecellsmartphone income and marketplace proportion substantially accelerated at some point of 2013, which include withinside the North American marketplace, it changed into nevertheless now no longer sufficient to keep away from monetary losses. Ollila stepped down as chairman on four May 2012 and changed into changed with the aid of using Risto Siilasmaa.
Risto Siilasmaa, Nokia chairman from 2012 to 2020.
In September 2013 Nokia introduced the sale of its cellular and gadgets department to Microsoft. The sale changed into fine for Nokia to keep away from similarly terrible monetary figures, in addition to for Microsoft's CEO Steve Ballmer, who desired Microsoft to provide extra hardware and flip it right into a gadgets and offerings enterprise. The Nokia chairman, Risto Siilasmaa, defined the deal as rationally correct (withinside the great pursuits of Nokia shareholders), however emotionally tough – professionals agree that Nokia might had been in a coins disaster had it now no longer bought the department to Microsoft. Analysts accept as true with that Ballmer driven for the buyout due to fears that Nokia changed into near adopting Android and forsaking their alliance with Microsoft. Indeed, in January 2014 the Nokia X changed into brought which ran on a personalized model of Android. It changed into a shocking and rather strange release coming simply weeks farfar from the finalization of the Microsoft buyout. Others, which include Ballmer's successor Satya Nadella, felt that Microsoft idea merging their software program groups with Nokia's hardware engineering and designs might "accelerate" boom of Windows Phone. The sale changed into finished in April 2014, with Microsoft Mobile turning into the successor to Nokia's cellular gadgets department. Nokia additionally moved from its headquarters to some other constructing complicated placed at Karaportti. At the time, Ballmer himself changed into retiring as Microsoft CEO and changed into changed with the aid of using Satya Nadella, who adverse the Nokia cellular telephones buy, at the side of chairman Bill Gates. The bought property from Nokia have been ultimately written-off with the aid of using Microsoft in 2015.
By 2014, Nokia's worldwide logo price in step with Interbrand fell to 98th vicinity, a pointy slide from the fifth vicinity it changed into in 2009. Nokia's downfall withinside the cellular telecellsmartphone marketplace has had special causes from analysts, with many cut up approximately the CEO's selection to desert its in-residence running device and adopting Windows Phone in 2011. Many researchers have concluded that Nokia suffered from deep inner rivalries withinside the control. Former personnel claimed that the control have become so swollen with the aid of using the early fulfillment that they grew complacent over time. Some from the Symbian growing crew have claimed that the enterprise's top control rejected masses of capacity improvements at some point of the 2000s that they proposed, which include completely rewriting Symbian's code. One former Nokia worker claimed that the enterprise changed into run as a "Soviet-fashion bureaucracy".
Former Nokia plant in Bochum, Germany
A Nokia marketing and marketing register Dublin, Ireland
In July 2013, Nokia offered Siemens' stake withinside the Nokia Siemens Networks joint task for $2.2 billion, turning it into a completely owned subsidiary known as Nokia Solutions and Networks, till being rebranded as Nokia Networks quickly after. During Nokia's monetary struggles, its worthwhile networking department with Siemens supplied lots of its earnings; thus, the acquisition proved to be fine, especially after the sale of its cellular gadgets unit.
2014–2016
After the sale of its cellular gadgets department, Nokia centered on community gadget via Nokia Networks.
In October 2014, Nokia and China Mobile signed a US$970 million framework deal for shipping among 2014 and 2015.
On 17 november 2014, Nokia Technologies head Ramzi Haidamus disclosed that the enterprise deliberate to re-input the customer electronics commercial enterprise as an authentic layout producer, licensing in-residence hardware designs and technology to third-birthday birthday celebration manufacturers. Haidamus said that the Nokia logo changed into "valuable" however "is diminishing in price, and that is why it's far critical that we opposite that fashion very speedy, imminently". The subsequent day, Nokia unveiled the N1, an Android pill synthetic with the aid of using Foxconn, as its first product following the Microsoft sale. Haidamus emphasised that gadgets launched beneathneath those licensing agreements might be held to excessive requirements in manufacturing quality, and might "appearance and sense similar to Nokia constructed it". Nokia CEO Rajeev Suri said that the enterprise deliberate to re-input the cellular telecellsmartphone commercial enterprise on this way in 2016, following the expiration of its non-compete clause with Microsoft.
According to Robert Morlino, the spokesman of Nokia Technologies, Nokia deliberate to comply with the logo-licensing version as opposed to direct advertising of cellular gadgets because of the sale of its cellular gadgets department to Microsoft. The enterprise took competitive steps to revitalize itself, glaring via its hiring of software program professionals, trying out of latest merchandise and in search of of income companions. On Bastille Day 2015, CEO Rajeev Suri showed that the enterprise might make a go back to the cellular telephones marketplace in 2016.
On 28 July 2015, Nokia introduced OZO, a 360-levels digital fact digital digicam, with 8 2K optical photo sensors. The department at the back of the product, Nokia Technologies, claimed that OZO will be the maximum superior VR film-making platform. Nokia's press launch said that OZO might be "the primary in a deliberate portfolio of virtual media solutions," with extra technologic merchandise predicted withinside the destiny. OZO changed into completely unveiled on 30 November in Los Angeles. The OZO, designed for expert use, changed into supposed for retail for US$60,000; however, its charge changed into reduced with the aid of using $15,000 previous to launch, and is indexed on its professional internet site as $forty,000.
Nokia workplace constructing in Markham, Ontario, Canada in 2016 – in the beginning Alcatel-Lucent's workplace
A Nokia Flexi Zone base transceiver station (2015)
On 14 April 2015, Nokia showed that it changed into in talks with the French telecommunications gadget enterprise Alcatel-Lucent concerning a capacity merger. The subsequent day, Nokia introduced that it had agreed to buy Alcatel-Lucent for €15.6 billion in an all-inventory deal. CEO Rajeev Suri felt that the acquisition might provide Nokia a strategic gain withinside the improvement of 5G wi-fi technology. The acquisition created a more potent competitor to the rival companies Ericsson and Huawei, whom Nokia and Alcatel-Lucent had exceeded in phrases of general mixed sales in 2014. Nokia shareholders keep 66.five% of the brand new mixed enterprise, even as Alcatel-Lucent shareholders keep 33.five%. The Bell Labs department changed into to be maintained, however the Alcatel-Lucent logo might get replaced with the aid of using Nokia. In October 2015, following approval of the deal with the aid of using China's Ministry of Commerce, the merger awaited approval with the aid of using French regulators. Despite the preliminary rationale of promoting the submarine cable department separately, Alcatel-Lucent later declared that it might now no longer. The merger closed on 14 January 2016, however changed into now no longer whole till three November 2016. From the purchase, Nokia is now additionally the proprietor of the Alcatel cellular telecellsmartphone logo, which is still certified to TCL Corporation.
On three August 2015, Nokia introduced that it had reached a deal to promote its Here virtual maps department to a consortium of BMW, Daimler AG and Volkswagen Group for €2.eight billion. The deal closed on three December 2015.
2016–2019
On 26 April 2016, Nokia introduced its rationale to accumulate French related fitness tool maker Withings for US$191 million. The enterprise changed into included into a brand new Digital Health unit of Nokia Technologies. Nokia later wrote off the fee of the purchase and in May 2018 the fitness unit changed into bought lower back to Éric Carreel, a Withings co-founder and previous CEO.
2017 Nokia 6
On 18 May 2016, Microsoft Mobile bought its Nokia-branded characteristic telecellsmartphone commercial enterprise to HMD Global, a brand new enterprise based with the aid of using former Nokia govt Jean-Francois Baril, and an related manufacturing unit in Vietnam to Foxconn's FIH Mobile subsidiary. Nokia sooner or later entered right into a lengthy-time period licensing deal to make HMD the exceptional producer of Nokia-branded telephones and capsules out of doors Japan, running together with Foxconn. The deal additionally granted HMD the proper to critical patents and featurephone software program. HMD sooner or later introduced the Android-primarily based totally Nokia 6 telecellsmartphone in January 2017. At Mobile World Congress, HMD moreover unveiled the Nokia three and Nokia five smartphones, in addition to a re-imagining of Nokia's traditional 3310 characteristic telecellsmartphone. While Nokia has no funding withinside the enterprise, they do have a few enter withinside the new gadgets.
On 28 June 2016 Nokia validated for the primary time a 5G-equipped community. In February 2017 Nokia done a 5G connection in Oulu, Finland the use of the 5GTF preferred, subsidized with the aid of using Verizon, on Intel structure-primarily based totally gadget.
In July 2017, Nokia and Xiaomi introduced that they've signed a commercial enterprise collaboration settlement and a multi-12 months patent settlement, which include a cross-license to every enterprise's cell preferred-critical patents. In that 12 months, Nokia's logo price changed into ranked 188th with the aid of using Brand Finance, a soar of 147 locations from 2016. Its upward push changed into attributed to its fitness portfolio and new cellular telephones evolved with the aid of using HMD Global.
In January 2018, Nokia signed a address NTT Docomo, Japan's biggest cellular operator, to offer 5G wi-fi radio base stations withinside the united states of america with the aid of using 2020. Later that month, Nokia introduced the ReefShark line of 5G chipsets, claiming that it triples bandwidth to eighty four Gbit/s. In March, Solidium, the funding arm of the Finnish authorities, bought a three.three% stake in Nokia valued at €844 million. In May, Nokia introduced that it had obtained a California-primarily based totally IoT startup, SpaceTime Insight.
In January 2019, the Canadian authorities introduced that it might offer C$forty million to help Nokia's studies on 5G generation. A 2019 have a look at discovered that Nokia telephones carried out a long way higher than opponents Samsung, LG, Xiaomi, and Huawei in updating to the state-of-the-art model of Android. The have a look at, made with the aid of using Counterpoint Research, determined that ninety six percentage of Nokia telephones have been both despatched with or up to date to the state-of-the-art Android model for the reason that Pie changed into launched in 2018. Nokia's competition have been determined to be all round kind of the eighty percentage variety.
2020–present
On March 2, 2020, Nokia introduced Pekka Lundmark as its new CEO. Later that month, Nokia finished the purchase of Elenion Technologies, a U.S.-primarily based totally enterprise that specialize in silicon photonics generation to enhance economics of superior optical connectivity merchandise.
On May 27, 2020, Sari Baldauf succeeded Risto Siilasmaa as chairwoman of the board of administrators, and Kari Stadigh changed into appointed vice chair. In June, Nokia gained a 5G agreement really well worth about $450 million from Taiwan Mobile to construct out the telecom operator's subsequent-technology community as the only dealer. In October, Nokia introduced a agreement with NASA to construct a 4G cellular community for astronaut utilization at the moon. The $14.1 million agreement is thru subsidiary Bell Labs, and this system is predicted to release in 2022.
During 2020, Flipkart collaborated with Nokia to marketplace Nokia-branded customer merchandise in India. These covered televisions, a pc and a variety of air conditioners.
Current operations
Nokia is a julkinen osakeyhtiö (public joint-inventory enterprise) indexed at the Nasdaq Nordic/Helsinki and New York inventory exchanges. Nokia has performed a totally big position withinside the economic system of Finland, and it's far an critical agency withinside the united states of america, running with more than one neighborhood companions and subcontractors. Nokia contributed 1.6% to Finland's GDP and accounted for approximately 16% of the united states of america's exports in 2006.
Nokia accommodates commercial enterprise organizations at the side of similarly subsidiaries and affiliated companies.
Nokia Networks
Inside the Nokia Networks workplace in Munich, Germany
Nokia Networks is Nokia Corporation's biggest department. It is a multinational records networking and telecommunications gadget enterprise centered in Espoo, Finland, and is the world's third-biggest telecoms gadget producer, measured with the aid of using 2017 sales (after Huawei and Cisco). In america it competes with Ericsson on constructing 5G networks for operators, even as Huawei Technologies and ZTE Corporation have been successfully banned.
It has operations in round one hundred fifty international locations.
Nokia Networks affords wi-fi and glued community infrastructure, communications and networks provider structures and expert offerings to operators and provider providers. It makes a speciality of GSM, EDGE, 3G/W-CDMA, LTE and WiMAX radio get right of entry to networks, assisting middle networks with growing IP and multiaccess abilties and offerings.
The Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN) logo identification changed into released on the 3GSM World Congress in Barcelona in February 2007 as a joint task among Nokia (50.1%) and Siemens (49.9%), even though it is now entirely owned with the aid of using Nokia. In July 2013, Nokia offered lower back all stocks in Nokia Siemens Networks for a sum of US$2.21 billion and renamed it to Nokia Solutions and Networks, quickly thereafter modified to truely Nokia Networks.
Nokia Technologies
Nokia workplace constructing in Tampere, Finland.
Nokia Technologies is a department of Nokia that develops customer merchandise and licenses generation which include the Nokia logo. Its focuses are imaging, sensing, wi-fi connectivity, strength control and materials, and different regions together with the IP licensing program. It includes 3 labs: Radio Systems Lab, in regions of radio get right of entry to, wi-fi neighborhood connectivity and radio implementation; Media Technologies Lab, in regions of multimedia and interplay; and Sensor and Material Technologies Lab, in regions of superior sensing solutions, interplay methods, nanotechnologies and quantum technology. Nokia Technologies additionally affords public participation in its improvement via the Invent with Nokia program. It changed into created in 2014 following a restructuring of Nokia Corporation.
In November 2014, Nokia Technologies released its first product, the Nokia N1 pill laptop. In July 2015, Nokia Technologies brought a VR digital digicam known as OZO, designed for expert content material creators and evolved in Tampere, Finland. With its eight synchronized shutter sensors and eight microphones, the product can seize stereoscopic three-D video and spatial audio.
On 31 August 2016, Ramzi Haidamus introduced he might be stepping down from his function as president of Nokia Technologies. Brad Rodrigues, formerly head of method and commercial enterprise improvement, assumed the position of meantime president. On 30 June 2017, Gregory Lee, formerly CEO of Samsung Electronics in North America, changed into appointed Nokia Technologies CEO and president.
Nokia Bell Labs
Nokia Bell Labs is a studies and clinical improvement corporation that changed into as soon as the R&D arm of the American Bell System. It have become a subsidiary of Nokia Corporation after the takeover of Alcatel-Lucent in 2016.
NGP Capital
NGP Capital (previously Nokia Growth Partners) is a worldwide task capital corporation, that specialize in investments withinside the boom level "Internet of factors" (IoT) and cellular generation corporations. NGP holds investments at some point of the U.S., Europe, China and India. Their portfolio includes corporations in cellular generation which include the sectors Connected Enterprise, Digital Health, Consumer IoT, and Connected Car. Following a $350 million investment for IoT corporations in 2016, NGP manages $1 billion really well worth of property.
Nokia had formerly promoted innovation via task sponsorships courting lower back to 1998 with Nokia Venture Partners, which changed into renamed BlueRun Ventures and spun off in 2005. Nokia Growth Partners (NGP) changed into based in 2005 as a boom level task fund as a continuation of the early successes of Nokia Venture Partners. In 2017, the enterprise changed into renamed to NGP Capital.
NGP's biggest exits consist of GanJi, UCWeb, Whistle, Rocket Fuel, Swype, Summit Microelectronics and Netmagic.
Nuage Networks
Nuage Networks is a task offering software program-described networking solutions. It changed into fashioned with the aid of using Alcatel-Lucent in 2013 to expand a software program overlay for automating and orchestrating hybrid clouds. It has been a part of Nokia following their acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent in 2016. Throughout 2017 Nuage sealed offers with Vodafone and Telefonica to offer its SD-WAN structure to their servers. BT had already been a consumer for the reason that 2016. A address China Mobile in January 2017 extensively utilized Nuage's software program-described networking generation for 2,000 public cloud servers at present records facilities in China, and some other in October 2017 with China Pacific Insurance Company.
The enterprise is primarily based totally in Mountain View, California and the CEO is Sunil Khandekar.
Alcatel Mobile
Alcatel Mobile is a cellular telecellsmartphone logo owned with the aid of using Nokia for the reason that 2016. It has been certified for the reason that 2005 to Chinese enterprise TCL whilst it changed into beneathneath the possession of Alcatel (later Alcatel-Lucent) in a agreement till 2024.
HMD Global
HMD Global is a cellular telecellsmartphone enterprise primarily based totally in Espoo, Finland. The Nokia logo has been certified with the aid of using former Nokia personnel who based HMD Global and brought Nokia-branded Android-primarily based totally gadgets to the marketplace in 2017. Nokia has no funding withinside the enterprise however keeps a few enter withinside the improvement of its gadgets.
Alcatel Submarine Networks
Alcatel Submarine Networks (ASN) is a issuer of turnkey undersea community solutions. The commercial enterprise unit develops generation and gives set up offerings for optical submarine cable community hyperlinks throughout the world's oceans.
Corporate affairs
Corporate governance
The manage and control of Nokia is split the various shareholders at a popular assembly and the Nokia Group Leadership Team (left), beneathneath the route of the board of administrators (proper). The chairman and the relaxation of the Nokia Leadership Team participants are appointed with the aid of using the board of administrators. Only the chairman of the Nokia Leadership Team can belong to each the board of administrators and the Nokia Group Leadership Team. The Board of Directors' committees include the Audit Committee, the Personnel Committee, and the Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee.
The operations of the enterprise are controlled withinside the framework set with the aid of using the Finnish Companies Act, Nokia's Articles of Association, and Corporate Governance Guidelines, supplemented with the aid of using the board of administrators' followed charters. On 25 November 2019, Nokia introduced that it might stop the position of Chief Operating Officer (COO) and distribute its capabilities to different enterprise leaders. As a end result, Chief Operating Officer Joerg Erlemeier determined to step down, powerful 1 January 2020.
Former company officers
More statistics Chief govt officers, Chairmen of the board of administrators ...
Stock
Nokia is a public restricted legal responsibility enterprise and is the oldest enterprise indexed beneathneath the equal call at the Helsinki Stock Exchange, starting in 1915. Nokia has had a secondary list at the New York Stock Exchange for the reason that 1994. Nokia stocks have been delisted from the London Stock Exchange in 2003, the Paris Stock Exchange in 2004, the Stockholm Stock Exchange in 2007 and the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in 2012. Due to the purchase of Alcatel-Lucent in 2015, Nokia indexed its stocks once more at the Paris Stock Exchange and changed into covered withinside the CAC forty index on 6 January 2016 however later eliminated on 18 September 2017.
In 2007, Nokia had a marketplace capitalization of €a hundred and ten billion; with the aid of using 17 July 2012 this had fallen to €6.28 billion, and with the aid of using 23 February 2015, it accelerated to €26.07 billion. Nokia marketplace cap at 2020 changed into 21.seventy six billion.
Corporate subculture
Nokia's professional company subculture manifesto for the reason that Nineteen Nineties is known as The Nokia Way. It emphasizes the rate and versatility of selection-making in a flat, networked organization.
The professional commercial enterprise language of Nokia is English. All documentation is written in English, and is utilized in professional intra-enterprise verbal exchange.
In 1992, Nokia followed values that have been described with the important thing phrases respect, achievement, renewal and assignment. In May 2007, the enterprise redefined its values after beginning a chain of debate throughout its global branches concerning what the brand new values of the enterprise need to be. Based at the worker suggestions, the brand new values have been described as: Engaging You, Achieving Together, Passion for Innovation and Very Human. In August 2014, Nokia redefined its values once more after the sale of its Devices commercial enterprise, the use of the authentic 1992 values once more.
Headquarters
The former Nokia House, Nokia's head workplace till April 2014. The constructing is placed with the aid of using the Gulf of Finland in Keilaniemi, Espoo, and changed into built among 1995 and 1997. It changed into the place of job of extra than 1,000 Nokia personnel.
Nokia are primarily based totally at Karaportti in Espoo, Finland, simply out of doors capital Helsinki. It has been their head workplace for the reason that 2014 after transferring from the purpose-constructed Nokia House in Espoo as a part of the sale of the cellular telecellsmartphone commercial enterprise to Microsoft. The constructing in Karaportti changed into formerly the headquarters of NSN (now Nokia Networks).
Awards and recognition
In 2018, Nokia obtained the Leading Lights award for maximum progressive cable/video product and changed into named to Ethisphere's 2018 world's maximum moral corporations list.
Logo records
Nokia Osakeyhtiö brand, 1865.
Nokia Osakeyhtiö brand, 1965.
Finnish Rubber Works (Suomen Kumitehdas) brand, 1965–1986.
Nokia 'Arrows' brand, after merging with the Cable Factory (Kaapelitehdas) and Finnish Rubber Works (1966–1992). Used in marketing and marketing and merchandise till c. 1997.
Nokia brought its "Connecting People" marketing and marketing slogan in 1992, coined with the aid of using Ove Strandberg.
New slogan typeface (Nokia Sans font) brought in 2005. Nokia Sans were utilized by Nokia in merchandise for the reason that 2002.
Bold model brought in 2007. The enterprise stopped the use of a slogan with its brand in 2011.
History of Nokia's company typeface
Controversies
NSN's provision of intercept functionality to Iran
In 2008, Nokia Siemens Networks, a joint task among Nokia and Siemens AG, reportedly supplied Iran's monopoly telecom enterprise with generation that allowed it to intercept the Internet communications of its citizens. The generation reportedly allowed Iran to apply deep packet inspection to study and exalternate the content material of emails, social media, and on line telecellsmartphone calls. The generation "allows government to now no longer simplest block verbal exchange however to display it to collect statistics approximately individuals, in addition to regulate it for disinformation purposes".
During the post-election protests in Iran in June 2009, Iran's Internet get right of entry to changed into pronounced to have slowed to much less than a 10th of its regular speeds, which professionals suspected changed into because of the use of of deep packet inspection.
In July 2009, Nokia commenced to enjoy a boycott in their services and products in Iran. The boycott changed into led with the aid of using purchasers sympathetic to the post-election protest motion and focused corporations deemed to be taking part with the regime. Demand for handsets fell and customers commenced shunning SMS messaging.
Nokia Siemens Networks asserted in a press launch that it supplied Iran simplest with a "lawful intercept functionality completely for tracking of neighborhood voice calls" and that it "has now no longer supplied any deep packet inspection, internet censorship, or Internet filtering functionality to Iran".
Lex Nokia
In 2009, Nokia closely supported a regulation in Finland that permits corporations to display their personnel' digital communications in instances of suspected statistics leaking. Nokia denied rumors that the enterprise had taken into consideration transferring its head workplace out of Finland if legal guidelines on digital surveillance have been now no longer modified. The Finnish media dubbed the regulation Lex Nokia as it changed into carried out because of Nokia's pressure.
The regulation changed into enacted, however with strict necessities for the implementation of its provisions. No enterprise had used its provisions previous to twenty-five February 2013, whilst the Office of Data Protection Ombudsman showed that town of Hämeenlinna had currently given the specified notice.
Nokia–Apple patent dispute
In October 2009, Nokia filed a lawsuit towards Apple Inc. withinside the U.S. District Court of Delaware claiming that Apple infringed on 10 of its patents associated with wi-fi verbal exchange which include records switch. Apple changed into brief to reply with a countersuit filed in December 2009 accusing Nokia of eleven patent infringements. Apple's popular counsel, Bruce Sewell went a step similarly with the aid of using pointing out, "Other corporations ought to compete with us with the aid of using inventing their personal technology, now no longer simply with the aid of using stealing ours." This led to a felony struggle among the 2 telecom majors with Nokia submitting some other suit, this time with the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), alleging Apple of infringing its patents in "really all of its cellular telephones, transportable tune gamers and computer systems". Nokia went directly to ask the courtroom docket to prohibit all U.S. imports of the Apple merchandise, which include the iPhone, Macintosh and iPod. Apple countersued with the aid of using submitting a criticism with the ITC in January 2010.
In June 2011, Apple settled with Nokia and agreed to an anticipated one time fee of $six hundred million and royalties to Nokia. The corporations additionally agreed on a cross-licensing patents for a number of their patented technology.
Alleged tax evasion in India
Nokia's Indian subsidiary changed into charged in January 2013 with non-fee of Indian Tax Deducted at Source and transgressing switch pricing norms in India. The unpaid TDS of ₹30 billion, collected at some point of a direction of six years, changed into because of royalty paid with the aid of using the Indian subsidiary to its determine enterprise.
Nokia 7 Plus records breach
In March 2019, information broke that the enterprise's Nokia 7 Plus telephones have been allegedly sending private consumer records to China over numerous months. According to investigators, the machine despatched unencrypted records programs which include geographical location, SIM card range, and the telecellsmartphone's serial range to an unidentified Chinese server each time that "the telecellsmartphone changed into grew to become on, the display activated or unlocked." The records changed into enough to comply with the actions and movements of the telecellsmartphone in actual time.
Nokia logo proprietor HMD Global denied one of these transfers had taken vicinity, pointing out that it changed into alternatively the end result of an mistakess withinside the packing system of the telecellsmartphone's software program. The Finnish Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman released an research into the problem at the assumption "that private records has been transferred."
